vestichИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия химических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series1561-83312524-2342The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8331-2018-54-4-467-477vestich-359Research ArticleГЕОХИМИЯGEOCHEMISTRYДинамика содержания свинца в атмосферном воздухеTrends of lead in atmospheric airКакарекаС. В.KakarekaS. V.

доктор техн. наук, доцент, зав. лаб. трансграничного загрязнения

D. Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, Head of the Laboratory

sk001@yandex.ruИнститут природопользования Национальной академии наук Беларуси, МинскInstitute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk201812012019544467477Copyright © Какарека С.В., 20192019Какарека С.В.Kakareka S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestichem.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/359

Анализируются тренды содержания свинца в атмосферном воздухе фоновых территорий и городов Беларуси по данным НСМОС и их соотношения с трендами содержания свинца в атмосферном воздухе городов и фоновых территорий Европы и США. Показаны четкие нисходящие тренды свинца в атмосферном воздухе фоновых территорий Беларуси: сокращение среднегодовых концентраций свинца составило за период с 1990 по 2015 г. 77 %. По данным измерений на станциях ЕМЕП в Европе, имеющих непрерывный ряд наблюдений свинца, с 1990 г. среднегодовое содержание свинца в атмосферном воздухе к 2013 г. сократилось в среднем на 86 %. Выражен нисходящий тренд содержания свинца в воздухе городов Беларуси и ряда стран Европы. Наиболее значительное сокращение содержания свинца произошло в США, где среднегодовая максимальная 3-месячная концентрация сократилась с 1990 по 2016 г. на 99 %. Проанализирована связь трендов уровней содержания свинца с трендами антропогенных выбросов. Показано, что существуют различия между замеренными концентрациями свинца и расчетными значениями по моделям переноса и рассеяния, что может быть обусловлено неполнотой инвентаризации выбросов свинца в ряде стран, а также значительным вкладом других, помимо антропогенных, источников поступления свинца в атмосферу. Для выявления причин этих расхождений, которые могут быть связаны с наличием неучтенных антропогенных источников, вторичными и природными источниками и другими факторами необходимы дополнительные исследования.

In the article, trends of lead content in atmospheric air of background territories and cities of Belarus according to NSEM data and their correlation with trends of lead content in the atmospheric air of cities and background territories of Europe and the USA are analyzed. Clear downward trends in lead content in the atmospheric air of the background territories of Belarus are shown: the average annual concentration of lead has decreased over the period from 1990 to 2015 by 77 %. According to EMEP stations measuring data having a continuous series of lead observations in atmospheric air since 1990, the mean annual lead content in atmospheric air at these stations decreased till 2013 on average by 86 %. A downward trend in the lead content was observed in the air of Belarusian cities and of some countries of Europe. The most significant decrease in lead content occurred in the USA, where the average annual maximum 3-month concentration decreased from 1990 to 2016 by 99 %. The relationship between trends in lead levels with trends of anthropogenic emissions is analyzed. Differences between the measured lead concentrations and calculated values by dispersion models are shown, which may be due to the incompleteness of the inventory of lead emissions in a number of countries, as well as the significant contribution of other sources of emission in addition to anthropogenic sources of lead emission into the atmosphere. To identify the reasons for these discrepancies, which may be related to the presence of unrecorded anthropogenic sources, secondary and natural sources, and other factors, additional research is needed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.