vestichИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия химических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series1561-83312524-2342The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8331-2018-54-4-487-504vestich-361Research ArticleОБЗОРЫФторсодержащие пенообразователи для тушения пожаров: производство, применение, экологические последствияFluorinated fire-figthing foams: manufacture, applications, ecological consequencesКухарчикТ. И.KukharchykT. I.

д-р геогр. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник

D. Sc. (Geography), Leading researcher

tkukharchyk@gmail.comИнститут природопользования Национальной академии наук Беларуси, МинскInstitute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk201812012019544487504Copyright © Кухарчик Т.И., 20192019Кухарчик Т.И.Kukharchyk T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestichem.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/361

Обобщена информация о производстве и использовании фторсодержащих пенообразователей, предназначенных для пенного тушения пожаров с участием нефтепродуктов и других легковоспламеняющихся жидкостей, и экологических последствиях. Показано, что использование при их производстве поли- и/или перфторированных соединений привело к появлению в окружающей среде большой группы опасных химических веществ, в том числе перфтороктановой сульфоновой кислоты (ПФОС), пентадекафтороктановой кислоты (ПФОК), перфторгексановой сульфоновой кислоты (ПФГСК). Приведены общие сведения о фторсодержащих пенообразователях, их производителях и маркировках, свойствах, возможных объемах производства и применения в глобальном масштабе. Показано, что применение фторсодержащих пенообразователей при тушении пожаров, а также во время учебных тренировок приводит к непосредственному поступлению ПФОС, ПФОК и других фторсодержащих соединений в окружающую среду. Обсуждаются результаты исследований, выполненных в различных странах ЕС, Норвегии, США, Канаде и Австралии, свидетельствующие о высоких концентрациях ПФОС, ПФОК и других фторсодержащих соединений в подземных и поверхностных водах, а также в почвах. Наиболее высокие уровни загрязнения выявлены в местах применения фторсодержащих пенообразователей. Показана опасность поступления фторсодержащих соединений в организм человека с загрязненной питьевой водой и продуктами питания.

Information on the production and use of fluorine-containing foaming agents intended for foam extinguishing of fires with oils and other flammable liquids as well as ecological consequences are reviewed in the article. It is shown that poly- and/or perfluorinated compounds usage for fire-fighting foam production led to the emergence of a large group of hazardous chemicals in the environment, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). General information about fluorine-containing foaming agents, their manufacturers and labelling, properties, possible volumes of production and application on a global scale are given. It is shown that the use of fire-fighting foam to extinguish fires, as well as during training, leads to direct discharges of PFOS, PFOA and other fluorine-containing compounds into the environment. The results of studies carried out in various EU countries, Norway, the USA, Canada and Australia, which testify to high concentrations of PFOS, PFOA and other fluoride-containing compounds in groundwater and surface waters as well as in soils, are discussed. The highest levels of contamination are found in the sites where fluorine-containing foaming agents are used. The danger of fluoride-containing compounds entering the human body with contaminated drinking water and food products is shown.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.