vestichИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия химических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series1561-83312524-2342The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8331-2025-61-1-80-88vestich-941Research ArticleНАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕEARTH SCIENCEСодержание полибромдифениловых эфиров в техногенных отложениях в БеларусиThe polybromodiphenyl ethers content in technogenic deposits in Belarushttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-1244КухарчикТ. И.KukharchykT. I.

Кухарчик Тамара Иосифовна – доктор географических наук, главный научный сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Kukharchyk Tamara I. – D. Sc. (Geography), Chief researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

tkukharchyk@gmail.comЧернюкВ. Д.ChernyukV. D.

Чернюк Владимир Дмитриевич – кандидат географических наук, старший научный сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Chernyuk Vladimir D. – Ph. D. (Geography), Senior Researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

chernyuk.vladimir.m@mail.ruКозыренкоМ. И.KazyrenkaM. I.

Козыренко Маргарита Ивановна – кандидат географических наук, старший научный сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Kazyrenka Marharyta I. – Ph. D. (Geography), Senior Researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

margarita_kozyrenko@tut.byХомичВ. С.KhomichV. S.

Хомич Валерий Степанович – доктор географических наук, главный научный сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Khomich Valeriy S. – D. Sc. (Geography), Chief Researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

valery_khomich@mail.ruКулаковичВ. Н.KulakovichV. P.

Кулакович Виктор Петрович – ведущий инженер

ул. Красная, 7Б, 220029, Минск

Kulakovich Viktor P. – Lead engineer

7B, Krasnaya Str., 220029, Minsk

bellis.rohs@gmail.comКрыловичА. В.KrylovichА. V.

Крылович Анастасия Вячеславовна – научный сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Krylovich Anastasia V. – Researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

bellis.rohs@gmail.comБасалайЕ. Н.BasalaiE. N.

Басалай Екатерина Николаевна – кандидат географических наук, заместитель декана

Брест

Basalai Ekaterina N. – Ph. D. (Geography), Deputy Dean

Brest

basalaiekaterina@yandex.ruЗабродскаяЕ. Н.ZabrodskayaL. N.

Забродская Елизавета Николаевна – инженер

ул. Красная, 7Б, 220029, Минск

Zabrodskaya Lizaveta N. – Engineer

7B, Krasnaya Str., 220029, Minsk

bellis.rohs@gmail.comИнститут природопользования Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusОАО «Испытания и сертификация бытовой и промышленной продукции «БЕЛЛИС»BELLIS Testing and Certification of Home Appliances and Industrial ProductsБрестский государственный технический университетBrest State Technical University2025270220256118088Copyright © Кухарчик Т.И., Чернюк В.Д., Козыренко М.И., Хомич В.С., Кулакович В.Н., Крылович А.В., Басалай Е.Н., Забродская Е.Н., 20252025Кухарчик Т.И., Чернюк В.Д., Козыренко М.И., Хомич В.С., Кулакович В.Н., Крылович А.В., Басалай Е.Н., Забродская Е.Н.Kukharchyk T.I., Chernyuk V.D., Kazyrenka M.I., Khomich V.S., Kulakovich V.P., Krylovich А.V., Basalai E.N., Zabrodskaya L.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestichem.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/941

Обсуждаются впервые полученные для Беларуси данные о содержании одной из групп стойких органических загрязнителей – полибромдифениловых эфиров (ПБДЭ) в различных типах техногенных субстратов. Объектами исследования выбраны зоны воздействия предприятий химического профиля, где использовались антипирены на основе ПБДЭ, предприятий по производству вычислительной и бытовой техники, машиностроения и других отраслей, на которых возможно применение материалов, содержащих ПБДЭ, места сбора и переработки отходов электрического и электронного оборудования, полигоны отходов, накопители осадков сточных вод (ОСВ). Отобрано и проанализировано 40 проб техногенных грунтов и 17 проб ОСВ. Химико-аналитические определения ПБДЭ выполнены с использованием метода газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием. Дополнительно методом рентгенофлюоресцентной спектроскопии определялось содержание брома и сурьмы как индикаторов применения бромированных антипиренов. Показано, что ПБДЭ обнаруживаются в 33,3 % проб с максимальным значением 5,11 мг/кг, бром – в 40,4 % (236 мг/кг), сурьма – в 15,8 % проб (максимальное значение 319 мг/кг). ПБДЭ зафиксированы в ОСВ, техногенных грунтах и наилках в зонах различных локальных источников воздействия. Обсуждаются основные пути поступления опасных веществ в окружающую среду и наиболее вероятные источники бромированных стойких органических загрязнителей (СОЗ). Показана необходимость развития эколого-геохимических исследований в Беларуси. 

Data on the content of one of the groups of persistent organic pollutants – polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in various types of technogenic substrates obtained for the first time for Belarus are discussed. The objects of the study were chemical enterprises where PBDE-based flame retardants were used, enterprises for the production of computers and household equipment, mechanical engineering and other industries potentially using materials containing PBDEs, sites for collecting and processing waste electrical and electronic equipment, waste landfills, waste water sewage sludge (WWSS) storage sites. 40 samples of technogenic substrates and 17 samples of WWSS were taken and analyzed. Chemicalanalytical determinations of PBDEs were performed using gas chromatography methods with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally, the content of bromine and antimony as indicators of the brominated flame retardants use was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It was shown that PBDEs were detected in 33.3 % of samples with maximum values of 5.11 mg/kg, bromine – in 40.4 % (236 mg/kg), antimony – in 15.8 % of samples (maximum value of 319 mg/kg). PBDEs were found in WWSS, technogenic substrates and silt deposits in impact zones of various local sources. The main routes of hazardous substances release into the environment and the most likely sources of brominated persistent organic pollutants (POP) are discussed. The need to develop a methodological base for environmental-geochemical studies in Belarus is shown.

полибромдифениловые эфирыбромированные антипиреныосадок сточных водтехногенные субстратыисточники загрязненияpolybrominated diphenyl etherspersistent organic pollutantsbrominated flame retardantswaste water sewage sludgetechnogenic substratespollution sourcesReferencesPolybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environmental systems: a review / C. R. Ohoro, A. O. Adeniji, A. I. Okoh, O. O. Okoh // Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. – 2021. – Vol. 19. – P. 1229–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00656-3Ohoro C. R., Adeniji A. O., Okoh A. I., Okoh O. O. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environmental systems: a review. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 19, pp. 1229–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00656-3A critical review of water contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and main degradation techniques / M. Motamedi, L. Yerushalmi, F. Haghighat, Z. Chen // Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. – 2022. – Vol. 10, iss. 4. – P. 108196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108196.Motamedi M., Yerushalmi L., Haghighat F., Chen Z. A critical review of water contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and main degradation techniques. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, vol. 10, iss. 4, arc. 108196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108196Text and Annexes // Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). – URL: https://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/2232/Default.aspx (date of access: 15.01.2020).Text and Annexes. Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Available at: https://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/2232/Default.aspx (accessed 15 January 2020).Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): sources, pathways and environmental data. Environment Agency. 2019. – URL: http://www.gov.uk/government/publications (data of access: 10.01.2024).Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): sources, pathways and environmental data. Environment Agency (2019). Available at: http://www.gov.uk/government/publications (accessed 10 January 2024).Turner, A. PBDEs in the marine environment: Sources, pathways and the role of microplastics / A. Turner // Environmental Pollution. – 2022. – Vol. 301. – Arc. 118943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118943Turner A. PBDEs in the marine environment: Sources, pathways and the role of microplastics. Environmental Pollution, 2022, vol. 301, arc. 118943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118943Concentrations of brominated flame retardants in dust from United Kingdom cars, homes, and offices: Causes of variability and implications for human exposure / S. Harrad, C. Ibarra, M. A.-E. Abdallah [et al.] // Environment International. – 2008. – Vol. 34, iss. 8. – P. 1170–1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.05.001Harrad S., Ibarra C., Abdallah M. A-E., Boon R., Neels H., Covaci A. Concentrations of brominated flame retardants in dust from United Kingdom cars, homes, and offices: Causes of variability and implications for human exposure. Environment International, 2008, vol. 34, iss. 8, pp. 1170–1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.05.001Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada / M. Shoeib, T. Harner, G. M. Webster [et al.] // Environmental Pollution. – 2012. – Vol. 169. – P. 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.043Shoeib M., Harner T., Webster G. M., Sverko E., Cheng Y. Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada. Environmental Pollution, 2012, vol. 169, pp. 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.043Characterizing the sorption of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to cotton and polyester fabrics under controlled conditions / A. Saini, C. Rauert, M. J. Simpson [et al.] // Science of The Total Environment. – 2016. – Vol. 563–564. – P. 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.099Saini A., Rauert C., Simpson M. J., Harrad S., Diamond M. L. Characterizing the sorption of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to cotton and polyester fabrics under controlled conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 2016, vol. 563–564, pp. 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.099Waste dumping sites as a potential source of POPs and associated health risks in perspective of current waste management practices in Lahore city, Pakistan / S. Hafeez, A. Mahmood, J. H. Syed [et al.] // Science of The Total Environment. – 2016. – Vol. 562. – P. 953–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.120Hafeez S., Mahmood A., Syed J. H., Li J., Ali U., Malik R. N., Zhang G. Waste dumping sites as a potential source of POPs and associated health risks in perspective of current waste management practices in Lahore city, Pakistan. Science of The Total Environment, 2016, vol. 562, pp. 953–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.120Kryłów, M. Polybrominated flame retardants in sewage sludge and sediments (review) / M. Kryłów, P. Rezka // Technical Transactions. – 2017. – Vol. 3. – P. 153–166. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.17.063.6414Kryłów M., Rezka P. Polybrominated flame retardants in sewage sludge and sediments (review). Technical Transactions, 2017, vol. 3, pp. 153–166. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.17.063.6414Стойкие органические загрязнители в Беларуси: источники, запасы, регулирование / Т. И. Кухарчик, С. В. Какарека, М. И. Козыренко [и др.] // Природопользование. – 2022. – № 2. – C. 37–45.Kukharchyk T. I., Kakareka S. V., Kozyrenko M. I., Chernyuk V. D., Krylovich A. V. Persistent organic pollutants in Belarus: sources, stocks, regulation. Prirodopol’zovaniye = Nature management, 2022, no. 2, pp. 34–45 (in Russian).Чернюк, В. Д. Геоэкологическая оценка отходов пластмасс электрического и электронного оборудования на территории Беларуси: автореф. дис. … канд. геогр. наук: 25.03.13 / Чернюк Владимир Дмитриевич; Физ.-техн. ин-т НАН Беларуси. – Минск, 2023. – 23 с.Chernyuk V. D. Geoecological assessment of plastic waste from electrical and electronic equipment on the territory of Belarus. Minsk, 2023. 23 p. (in Russian).Иванов, В. В. Экологическая геохимия элементов. Книга 3. Редкие р-элементы: справочник / В. В. Иванов. – М.: Недра, 1996. – 353 с.Ivanov V. V. Ecological geochemistry of elements. Book 3. Rare p-elements. Directory. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1996. 353 p. (in Russian).Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in road and farmland soils from an e-waste recycling region in Southern China: Concentrations, source profiles, and potential dispersion and deposition / Y. Luo, X. Luo, Z. Lin [et al.] // Science of The Total Environment. – 2009. – Vol. 407, iss. 3. – Р. 1105–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.044Luo Y., Luo X.-J., Lin Z., Chen S.-J., Liu J., Mai B.-X., Yang Z.-Y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in road and farmland soils from an e-waste recycling region in Southern China: Concentrations, source profiles, and potential dispersion and deposition. Science of The Total Environment, 2009, vol. 407, iss. 3, pp. 1105–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.044Distribution characteristics and risks assessment of brominated flame retardants in surface soil from both a legacy and a new e-waste dismantling site / S. Ling, C. Lu, M. Fu [et al.] // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2022. – Vol. 373. – Art. 133970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133970Ling S., Lu C., Fu M., Zhou S., Qiao Z., Peng C., Zhang W., Hu S., Lin K., Zhou B. Distribution characteristics and risks assessment of brominated flame retardants in surface soil from both a legacy and a new e-waste dismantling site. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, vol. 373, art. 133970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133970Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and outdoor dust from a multi-functional area of Shanghai: Levels, compositional profiles and interrelationships / M.-H. Wu, J.-C. Pei, M. Zheng [et al.] // Chemosphere. – 2015. – Vol. 118. – Р. 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.022Wu M-H., Pei J-C., Zheng M., Tang L., Bao Y-Y., Xu B-T., Sun R., Sun Y-F., Xu G., Lei J-Q. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and outdoor dust from a multi-functional area of Shanghai: Levels, compositional profiles and interrelationships. Chemosphere, 2015, vol. 118, pp. 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.022Aigars, J. Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sewage Sludge, Sediments, and Fish from Latvia / J. Aigars, N. Suhareva, R. Poikane // Environments. – 2017. – Vol. 4, iss. 1. – P. 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4010012Aigars J., Suhareva N., Poikane R. Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sewage Sludge, Sediments, and Fish from Latvia. Environments, 2017, vol. 4, iss. 1, p. 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4010012Liu, L. Z. Characterization of Free and Bound PBDEs in Sewage Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) of Shanghai / L. Z. Liu, Y. Li, J. Yang // Advanced Materials Research. – 2013. – Vol. 864–867. – P. 1993–1996. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1993Liu L. Z., Li Y., Yang J. Characterization of Free and Bound PBDEs in Sewage Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) of Shanghai. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, vol. 864–867, pp. 1993–1996. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1993Technical guidelines: General technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with persistent organic pollutants. UNEP/CHW.16/6/Add.1. – Geneva, 2023. – URL: https://www.basel.int/Portals/4/download.aspx?d=UNEP-CHW.16-6-Add.1-Rev.1.English.pdf (date of access: 05.01.2024).Technical guidelines: General technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with persistent organic pollutants. UNEP/CHW.16/6/Add.1. Geneva, 2023. Available at: https://www.brsmeas.org/2023COPs/Meetingsdocuments/-tabid/9373/language/en-US/Default.aspx (accessed 1 January 2024).Organic Contaminants in Chinese Sewage Sludge: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature of the Past 30 Years / X.-Z. Meng, A. K. Venkatesan, Y.-L. Ni [et al.] // Environmental Science and Technology. – 2016. – Vol. 50, iss. 11. – P. 5454–5466. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05583Meng X.-Z., Venkatesan A., Ni Y.-L., Steele J., Wu L., Bignert A., Bergman A., Halden R. Organic Contaminants in Chinese Sewage Sludge: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature of the Past 30 Years. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, vol. 50, iss. 11, pp. 5454–5466. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05583

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.