Features of application of alkylketene dimer emulsions and modified resin acids in cellulosic and waste suspensions for obtaining high-quality types of paper and cardboard

The features of the use of sizing emulsions of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) and resin acids modified with monoethyl cellosolve maleate (TM) and monoethanolamine (TMAS-3N) for hydrophobization of fibrous suspensions containing primary (sulphate cellulose (unbleached and bleached) from coniferous and hardwood) and secondary (waste paper) semi-finished products, differing in fractional composition and degree of grinding (25-70 °SR). The content of particles of the dispersed phase of the emulsions varied from 0.08 to 0.30 % for the AKD emulsion and from 0.20 to 2.00 % for TM and TMAS-3N. It has been established that the hydrophobic effect of AKD, TM and TMAS-3N emulsions increases when secondary fibrous semi-finished products are replaced with primary ones; it depends on the grinding degree of the fibrous suspension and its fractional composition. A feature of the use of alkyl ketene dimers emulsion lies in the ability of its particles to form hydrophobic β-ketoether bonds with hydroxyl groups of fibers, the number of which increases singnificantly when cellulose fibers are used instead of recycled ones. A feature of the use of TM and TMAS-3N rosin emulsions is their ability to form sizing complexes in the presence of electrolyte, which makes it possible to ensure their electrostatic interaction with the surface of fibers (cellulose and waste paper). The advantage of the TMAS-3N emulsion as compared to TM is the possibility of reducing the content of particles of the dispersed phase by 1.8-6.6 times while achieving high hydrophobicity (absorption with one-sided wetting does not exceed 21 g/m²) and maintaining the original strength of paper and cardboard.

1. Bildik A. E. A Perspective on various alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) application areas. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 2017, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 103-108. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.74987

2. Bildik A.E., Hubbe M.A., Gurboy K.B. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) sizing of paper under simplified treatment conditions. Tappi Journal, 2016, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 545-552.

3. Hundhausen U., Militz H., Mai C. Use of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) for surface modification. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2009, vol. 67, pp. 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-008-0275-z

4. Hutton B., Shen W. Sizing Effects via AKD Vaporisation. Appita Technology, Innovation, Manufacturing, Environment, 2005, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 367-373.

5. Chernaya N.V., Fleisher V. L., Bogdanovich N. I. Reduction energy consumption of paper and cardboard machines in production of glued paper and cardboard. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Lesnoy zhurnal = Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal), 2019, no. 5, pp. 188-193.

6. Lindstrom T., Soderberg G. On the mechanism of sizing with alkylketene dimers. Part 1. Studies on the amount of alkylketene dimer required for sizing different pulps. Nordic Pulp Paper Research Journal. 1986, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26-33.

7. Seo W. S., Cho N. S., Ohga S. Possibility of hydrogen bonding between AKD and cellulose molecules during AKD sizing. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University. 2008, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 405-410.

8. Hagiopol C., Johnston J. W. Chemistry of modern papermaking. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2012. 431 r. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11011

9. Hubbe M. Paper's resistance to wetting - a review of internal sizing chemicals and their effects. BioResources. 2006, no. 2 (1), pp. 106-145. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.1.106-145

10. Bildik, A.E. Hubbe M.A., Gule M.E. Neutral/alkaline sizing of paper with fortified, saponified wood rosin premixed with alum and retained using cationic polymer. Appita Journal. 2019, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 39-49.

11. Nitzman A.F. Royappa A.T. Sizing variations of dispersed rosin sizes with fortification, hardness, pH, and temperature. Tappi Journal. 2003, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 8-11.

12. Holik H. Handbook of paper and board. Wiley-VCH, 2013. 528 r. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527608257

13. Lauzon R. V. New cationic dispersed rosin size - field trials and successes. Proc. TAPPI Engineering and Papermakers Conference. TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 1997, pp. 819-836.

14. Chernaya N. V. Fleisher V. L., Zholnerovich N. V. The creation and implementation of the resource-conserving technology of paper and paperboard sizing with hydrodispersions of modified rosin in the mode of heteroadagulation of peptized particles. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. prikladnaya ekologiya. Urbanistika = Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Applied ecology. Urbanistics, 2017, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87-101.

15. Fleisher V. L., Lamotkun A. I., Chernyshova T. V., Chernaya N. V., Bondarenko Zh. V. The Experimental-Industrial Production Of Highly Resinous Glue With The Improved Sizing Characteristics. Materialy, tekhnologii, instrumenty [Materials, technologies, tools], 2005, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 59-62 (in Russian).

16. Ostapenko A. A., Moroz V. N., Barbash V. A., Kozhevnikov S. Yu., Dubovyy V. K., Koverninskiy I. N. Improving the quality of paper from waste paper with chemical functional substances. Khimiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya = Chemistry of plant raw materials, 2012, no. 1, pp. 187-190 (in Russian).

17. Mishurina O. A., Ershova O. A. Methods of hydrophobization and hardening of composite cellulose materials from secondary raw materials. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovaniy = International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research, 2016, no. 10, pp. 363-366 (in Russian).

18. Ivanov S. N. Paper technology. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost Publ., 2006. 696 p. (in Russian).