The possibility of fabrication of microstructured poly-3-hydroxybutyrate films by self-assembly water microdroplets technique, using artificial templates and polymer inverse emulsions has been studied. It has been established that self-assembly water microdroplets technique allows forming ordered microstructures of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with a hexagonal arrangement of cells with an adjustable diameter from 1 to 4 цт. It has been shown that application of inverse emulsions of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate allows us to fabricate porous films with a pore size in the range from 0.4 to 3 ^m, while the structure of the films and the pore size can be controlled by changing the polymer concentration in the dispersion medium and the volume ratio of the phases. Using spin-coating technique and artificial templates, it is possible to obtain poly-3-hydroxybutyrate microstructured replicas, which are characterized by a high degree of uniformity and the absence of defective areas. It has been shown that the formed microstructured poly-3-hydroxybutyrate films with controlled surface topography are promising for use as scaffolds for stem cells.

Three-dimensional (3D) computer model of the Al-Sn-Zn isobaric phase diagram is presented. It is shown that the T-x-y diagram consists of 64 surfaces and 25 phase regions. Features of Al-Zn binary system phase diagram related to decomposition of aluminum solid solution and its influence on geometric structure of liquidus and solidus surfaces in the ternary system, formed by this binary system and tin, are considered. Critical analysis of the published data was carried out and errors in visualization of those fragments of the Al-Zn T-x diagram, in which phase regions are formed with the participation of new aluminum solid solutions, appeared after the decomposition of the initial solid solution, are discussed. To design this 3D model, literary data were used, and the assessment of its quality is based on isopleths and isothermal sections from the same primary sources.

By combining the method of replication of polyurethane foam matrices at 1200 °C and modification in model SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) solutions of various compositions, open-pore calcium phosphate foam ceramics with a porosity of 53-60 % was obtained. The architecture and morphology of the calcium phosphate foam ceramics surface was formed by using polyurethane foam matrices («Granufoam», «STR») with different porosity and quantity of open pores. Modification of the calcium phosphate foam ceramics in SBF solutions of various compositions leads to a slight decrease in porosity to 3 %, which indicates the formation of an ultrathin apatite layer. The calcium phosphate-modified foam ceramics consisted of β-tricalcium phosphate, β-calcium pyrophosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, and biomimetic apatite. In the standard SBF solution, the formation of apatite on calcium phosphate foam ceramics occurs slowly (14-56 days) and the strength increases by a factor of 2 as compared to the initial one. Soaking of calcium phosphate foam ceramics in SBF without HCO₃- leads to the formation of biomimetic apatite with inclusions of calcium chloride dihydrophosphate in spherulites. Modification in a 5-fold concentrated SBF solution for 3-5 days at 37 °C makes it possible to form 6-10 times more biomimetic apatite compared to standard SBF with a 2.5-fold increase in static strength to 0.05 MPa. It has been established that at 800 °C biomimetic apatite crystallizes into β- tricalcium phosphate.

The work is devoted to obtaining concentrated water-in-oil emulsions (emulsions of II type, inverse emulsions) with a mixed organic phase (hydrocarbons from diesel fuel and fusel oil), stabilized by surface-active compositions based on carboxylic acids and amine-containing compounds. The use of water-fuel emulsions based on liquid hydrocarbons is promising for reduction of costs in the petrochemical industry, energy saving increase and improvement of the environment by disposing of waste from alcohols distillation. The emulsions do not lose quality during long-term storage and are able to burn with high thermal efficiency. The synthesized surfactants used as emulsion stabilizers were studied by IR spectroscopy. For them, the surface tension isotherms were obtained by the tensiometric method, their colloid-chemical characteristics were determined (the critical concentration of micellization and the corresponding surface tension of an aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption at the solution-air interface, the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, the area per molecule or ion in the surface layer, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), their emulsifying ability was evaluated. Visual microscopic observation of the structure of the obtained emulsions was carried out. The stability of emulsions at various temperatures and during long-term storage has been studied.

The problem of alternative sources of hydrocarbon fuels is currently of great importance. The constant growth of organopolymer waste, in particular, automobile tires, has stimulated the search for ways to recycle them. It was found that a promising method of their processing is pyrolysis in various modes [1]. A comprehensive study of the composition and properties of the resulting pyrolysis oils obtained from used tires will make it possible to find out the possibility of their use as a secondary raw material for the production of hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, the component composition of heavy paraffinic oil from the Rechitsa field and pyrolysis oil obtained during the thermal treatment of rubber products in a nitrogen atmosphere, by methods of IR spectroscopy, elemental and GC-MS analysis, has been investigated. In addition, their fractional composition, density of fractions, as well as iodine number have been determined. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the similarities and differences between pyrolysis oil and petroleum. It has been suggested that liquid pyrolysis products, after appropriate treatment, can be used as additives to petroleum products, which contributes not only to solving the problems of both the disposal of used tires, but also the depletion of readily available oil reserves.

4-methyl-7-methoxycoumarin (CumOMe) has been synthesized and in silico calculations demonstrated localization of methoxy group within 0.4 nm from Fe ion of hem groups for some structures of human CYP19 & CYP46 as well as CYP152 S. paucimobilis, CYP158 St. coelicolor, HMUO C. diphtheriae, XPLA R. rhodochrous, CYP199A4 Rh. palustris, CYP101A1 Ps. putida and CYP51 M. tuberculosis.

Totally water soluble compositions of NPK-fertilizers containing microelements in chelate form were developed. The methods of synthesis of chelate complexes of the most important microelements were optimized, the structure of obtained compounds was confirmed by X-ray phase analysis, IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Obtained compositions of fertilizers are perspective for the incorporation on technical chlorophobic and fruit-berry crops using different agricultural machinery.

Currently, the volumes of use of dust from gas-cleaning devices (DGD) of electric steel furnaces are extremely insignificant, as they have an impact on the environment during storage, but at the same time, they represent the material that has a valuable composition (oxides of iron, non-ferrous metals, etc.) and is promising for recycling. However, the secondary use of zinc-containing DGD in ferrous metallurgy leads to the accumulation of zinc in the lining of blast furnaces and frequent malfunctions. It has been established that zinc oxide remains mainly in the bound state in the franklinite phase (Zn,Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mn)₂O₄. The processes of solid-phase reduction of dust from gas-cleaning devices of electric steel furnaces with the production of zinc concentrate and sponge iron, that are raw materials in demand for non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, are studied. The optimal conditions for the reduction process were determined, the physicochemical characteristics, granulometric and phase composition of the starting materials and reduction products were studied. It has been established, that the use of a combination of reducing agents of different nature (coal coke and H₂) during heat treatment at 1100 °C and cooling in a reducing medium (Ar/H₂) makes it possible to obtain sponge iron with a high degree of metallization - 97,5 %.

Based on the results of experimental studies, a method for producing trisodium phosphate monohydrate, which has a low bulk density and a high hygroscopicity point, has been developed. The results of a study of the physicochemical parameters of obtaining trisodium phosphate by neutralization of ammophos with soda ash and sodium hydroxide are presented. The data on the physicochemical parameters of the processes of exchange decomposition of ammophos with soda ash followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide are given.

In order to process primary manganese-zinc chemical current sources, the technology for processing and separation of active mass components is optimized. The technology involves the extraction of zinc in the form of powder and in the form of coatings. Manganese compounds will be extracted in the form of manganese dioxide, while reducing the hazard class of waste to the fourth. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the electrolyte after leaching was determined by titrometric method. The highest concentration in the leaching electrolyte was observed for zinc Zn²⁺ and manganese Mn²⁺ ions, their concentrations were 34 and 41.36 g/dm³, respectively. Fe²⁺ iron ions were present in small amounts in the solutions. Using electrolytic processing of acid and alkaline solutions by leaching the active mass of spent manganese-zinc current sources, zinc in the form of coating was extracted.

The results of studies of the salt composition and physicochemical processes occurring in separate layers (volume) of granules of complex fertilizers based on ammonium phosphates at the stage of storage in the interval up to 180 days are given. The data of chemical and physicochemical studies, as well as the analysis of microphotographs and element-by-element composition of granules showed the absence of a significant gradient of concentrations of individual components in the volume of granules when they arrive from the technological process. The course of secondary conversion processes in the volume of granules during 3 and 6 months of storage was established, leading, in particular, to a significant decrease in the content of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the product from 25.41-27.91 to 1.23-3.25 % and urea, as well as the formation of newdouble salts and adducts: (K_χ,(NH₄)_1-χ)•H₂PO₄, CO(NH₂)₂•NH₄Cl. The change in the phase composition of the product during long-term storage and the associated chemical interaction between the layers of individual granules is accompanied by an increase in caking. It is established that during 3 and 6 months of storage, the content of the liquid phase increases, which leads to a partial decrease in the content of individual components. The most active process of sorption of water vapor proceeds in the 1st (outer layer) of granules, while fluctuations in its content in deeper layers are within the margin of error. The dependence of the caking of the product on the type of injected nitrogen-containing component and the forms of nitrogen content in it has been established. The results of the study made it possible to recommend ways to reduce caking and improve the physical and mechanical properties of complex fertilizers during their storage and transportation: increasing the molar ratio at the ammoniation stage to values corresponding to the formation of diammonium phosphate; increasing the ratio of ammonium to the amide form of nitrogen; an increase in the proportion of granular urea in the composition of the fertilizer, followed by the complete exclusion of prilled urea.

The features of the use of sizing emulsions of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) and resin acids modified with monoethyl cellosolve maleate (TM) and monoethanolamine (TMAS-3N) for hydrophobization of fibrous suspensions containing primary (sulphate cellulose (unbleached and bleached) from coniferous and hardwood) and secondary (waste paper) semi-finished products, differing in fractional composition and degree of grinding (25-70 °SR). The content of particles of the dispersed phase of the emulsions varied from 0.08 to 0.30 % for the AKD emulsion and from 0.20 to 2.00 % for TM and TMAS-3N. It has been established that the hydrophobic effect of AKD, TM and TMAS-3N emulsions increases when secondary fibrous semi-finished products are replaced with primary ones; it depends on the grinding degree of the fibrous suspension and its fractional composition. A feature of the use of alkyl ketene dimers emulsion lies in the ability of its particles to form hydrophobic β-ketoether bonds with hydroxyl groups of fibers, the number of which increases singnificantly when cellulose fibers are used instead of recycled ones. A feature of the use of TM and TMAS-3N rosin emulsions is their ability to form sizing complexes in the presence of electrolyte, which makes it possible to ensure their electrostatic interaction with the surface of fibers (cellulose and waste paper). The advantage of the TMAS-3N emulsion as compared to TM is the possibility of reducing the content of particles of the dispersed phase by 1.8-6.6 times while achieving high hydrophobicity (absorption with one-sided wetting does not exceed 21 g/m²) and maintaining the original strength of paper and cardboard.

The effect of foaming agents of different chemical nature (amyl alcohol, glycolic ether, pine oil) on the flotation of halite from polyhalite ores using alkylmorpholine as a collector was investigated. It was established that the combined adding of amyl alcohol with alkylmorpholine and glycolic ether with alkylmorpholine in the process of sodium chloride flotation allows achieving high technological performance and reduces the consumption of expensive alkylmorpholine by 2 times. The use of pine oil as a foaming agent in a mixture with alkylmorpholine has been established to reduce the collector consumption by 2.2 times.