The role of hydrocarbon chain nature in organic non-electrolytes in the efficiency of their functional groups' hydration

Abstract

A comparative analysis of n-octane - water functional group increments (I_ƒ) of organic non-electrolytes (hydrocarbons, nitrogen-, oxygen-, halogen- and sulphor-containing compounds containing n-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and 9-anthryl groups) has been performed. It has been determined that increasing the hydrocarbon chain electronegativity increases I_ƒ by up to 3,7 units. For all monosubstituted groups except fluoride, replacing the alkyl group by the aryl one increases I_ƒ by 0,6-1,2 units. It has been found that the most important factors determining the increase in I_ƒ are the nature and number of hydrocarbon chains, bond polarity in the functional group and its possession of mobile electron pairs.