Over the past 10-15 years there have been considerable advances in understanding the defense mechanisms associated with elicitors. Many of them have been identified. This review has focused on current knowledge of the peptide elicitors. Special attention has been given to endogenous peptide elicitors, causing the ever-increasing interest.

The (Ca,M)₃Co₄O_9+δ (M = Na, Cu, Pb, Bi) solid solutions have been synthesized, their lattice constants have been determined and their electric conductivity and thermo-EMF were studied in 300-1100 K temperature interval. It has been found that Ca_2,8Pb_0,2Co₄O_9+δ solid solution possessed the greatest thermo-EMF coefficient of 0,32 mV/K at 1100 K. Activation energies of electrical conductivity and power factor of ceramics studied have been calculated.

Tungsten oxide WO₃, cobalt oxide Co₃O₄ and their compositions prepared by the sol-gel method, have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The formation of heterogeneous material consisting mainly of CoWO₄ in the process of joint annealing of oxides has been established. It has been observed that the mixed composition is much more sensitive to nitrogen dioxide (2 ppm) than the starting material, WO₃.

The effect of the various stabilizing agents’ chemical nature on the formation of stable aqueous dispersion of the epoxy oligomer has been studied. The mechanisms of stabilizer action in the dispersion during the stable structure formation have been established.

Improving the steric accessibility of the exchange center of higher quaternary ammonium salts by replacing three long-chain alkyl groups (octadecyl) with three methyls, as well as the addition of a neutral carrier - n-heptyl 4- trifluoroacetylbenzoate - significantly improves selectivity of oxalate- and sulfate-selective electrodes to the main ions in the presence of Cl^- ions and reduces the detection limit of electrodes. The new electrodes reversible to ions C₂O₄^2-, SO₄^2- have been proposed. A methodfor determination C₂O₄^2- and SO₄^2- ions in black and green tea has been developed.

Novel extraction systems consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and an organic salt methanol solution have been investigated. UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC have been used to determine the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in phases of system. Distribution constants in systems n -heptane - polar phase for aromatic hydrocarbons and the increments of methylene group have been calculated. It has been found that the polar phase is highly structured and has a large increment of the methylene group. It has been also found that solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-methylquinolinium benzenesulfonate in methanol possess high affinity for aromatic hydrocarbons, while solutions of salts containing aliphatic cation or aromatic anion do not show such affinity. Explanation of these phenomena has been given.

The effect of strontium excess on formation of single-phase nickelates in Sr_3+zNi_yTa_2-yO_x (3 ≤ 3 + z ≤ 4; 1 ≤ y ≤ 1,75) system has been established by XRD and electron microprobe techniques. It has been found that single-phase products of Sr₃Ti₂O₇ structural type were formed when strontium (3 + z ) and nickel ( y ) content is close to 4 and 2, respectively. Crystallization of two predominant phases, i. e. Sr₂(Ni,Ta)O_4±δ and Sr_3+z(Ni,Ta)₂O_x of K₂NiF₄ and Sr₃Ti₂O₇ structural types, has been shown to occur with strontium content of 3 ≤ 3 + z < 4 and nickel of 1 ≤ y < 1,75, at 1300 °С. Intergrowth phases have been foundto appear for Sr₂(Ni,Ta)O_4±δ and Sr_3+z(Ni,Ta)₂O_x.

A number of new tetrahydrobenzoisoxazole or tetrahydroindazole substituted isoindolindiones has been synthesized by the reaction of cyclohexane β-triketones containing phthalimidoyl group in an acyl chain, with hydroxylamine, hydrazine and phenylhydrazine.

А number of fluorobenzoates has been synthesized from ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-ketopropionate. Antimycobacterial properties of the synthesized compounds were studied.

A method for synthesis of tetrazole containing Schiff bases, the promising chelating agents, has been developed. The method is based on salicylic aldehyde reaction with N-substituted 5-aminotetrazoles. The prepared Schiff bases have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The electron and molecular structure of compounds synthesized have been also studied by quantum-chemical calculations.

The synthesis of 3,6-disubstituted cyclohex-2-еnones, their aromatization by phosphorous pentachloride and preparation of liquid crystalline compounds with high birefringence have been described. The mesomorphic properties of substituted terphenyls and quaterphenyls and their practical application in displays are discussed.

Schiff bases have been synthesized from substituted isoxazol- and isothiazol-3-carbaldehydes by condensation with biphenyl- and naphthyl amines. Reduction of azomethines obtained affords the corresponding amines. It has been shown that synthesized N-ligands form the palladium complexes possessing high catalytic activity in Suzuki reaction in aqueous and aqueous-alcohol media.

The methods for synthesis of new 1,2-diacyl-1-alkylhydrazines, close structural analogues of a known ecdysteroid agonist, methoxyfenozide, containing tert-butyl group at N-1 of the hydrazine moiety and 3,5-dimethyl benzoic acid fragment (as in the methoxyfenozide molecule) have been developed. The insecticidal activity of compounds prepared have been studied on the Colorado potato beetle larvae of second age. Among the synthesized compounds, sufficiently active insecticides have been found, that are promising for further study in order to clarify their possible use as active ingredients in modern formulations of biorational pesticides.

To monitor the process of enzymatic reaction,³¹P-NMR spectroscopic technique has been proposed as an alternative to chromatographic method. Using this approach, the time-course of soybean phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) biotransformation into phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol catalyzed by Streptomyces netropsis BIM В-235 phospholipase D has been established.

Methods for preparation 13,14-dipotassium (5R,9R,13R,14R)-5,9-dimethyl-5-[(4-methyl-3-{[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl]amino}phenyl)carbamoyl]-16-(propan-2-yl)tetracyclo[10.2.2.0^1,10.0^4,9]hexadec-15-ene-13,14-dicarboxylate (3), (5R,9R,13R,17R)-5,9-dimethyl-15-(4-methylphenyl)-14,16-dioxo-19-(propan-2-yl)-N-(3-{[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)-15- azapentacyclo[10.5.2.0^1,10.0^4,9.0^13,17]nonadec-18-ene-5-carboxamide (4), fluorescent nanoparticles of Mn:ZnS and magnetic composites - Au (magnetite), Ag (magnetite) have been developed. Compounds 3 and 4 are strongly adsorbed on Mn:ZnS nanoparticles. The compound 4 with is stronger bound to magnetite-containing nanoparticles than compound 3 and folic acid. However, these compounds are lost from magnetite and its composites under washing.

A new method for new anion-exchange fibers preparation from nitron in ethylene glycol solution has been developed and their physicochemical and mechanical properties have been investigated. Optimal molar ratio of reagents, concentration of DMDPTA and duration of the reaction have been established. Possibility to produce anion exchangers with exchange capacity comparable to available fibers FIBAN A-5 at low dimethyldipropylenetriamine : С≡N molar ratio has been shown.

Structural and rheological properties of paraffin emulsions based on sorbital C-20 surfactant and its mixtures with concrete polycarboxylate superplasticizer, kinetics of durability improvement and behavior of portland cement concretes containing these emulsions, in water and salt solutions have been studied.

The technological regimes to enhance the effectiveness of waste paper mass hardening and sizing processes taking into account specific features of functional substance use (styrol-acrylate dispersion as a hardener, alkylketene dimers as a sizing agent and cationic polyelectrolyte as a retaining agent) has been developed.

The effect of biochar implementation into sandy and loamy-sand sod podzol soils on the soil acidity, total water capacity and concentration of exchangeable and mobile potassium and calcium has been investigated. It has been found that the biochar application caused the decrease in the soil acidity and also increases of the water capacity and concentrations of exchangeable and mobile potassium in sandy and sandy loam soils. The favorable conditions for growing agricultural plants in sandy-loam soil could be created with application of 3 w. % of biochar, but in sandy soils it can be reached with 5 w. % of biochar.