A mathematical model for description of the sorption capacity of ion exchangers on alkaline compounds protonizable in aqueous solutions (exemplified by ammonia, mono-, diand triethylamine) was proposed. The Henry’s constants for these substances were experimentally determined. The model accounts for the concentration and acid-base properties of the sorbate, relative air humidity, acid-base properties and exchange capacity of the ion exchanger, as well as spatial availability of functional groups for interaction under conditions of limited permeability of polymeric ion exchanger. The applicability of the model is illustrated by processing the experimental results on the sorption of ammonia and ethylamines by fibrous carboxylic and sulfonic cation exchangers. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental data is observed.

Water-insoluble complexes of antituberculosis antibiotics (AB) kanamycin (CNMC), amikacin (AMCC) and capreomycin (CPRMC), traditionally used parenterally, with cellulose acetate sulphate in the form of sodium salt (Na-SAC) were obtained. The possibility of their immobilization on the activated carbon (AC) to create a tablet form of AB was demonstrated. The composition of the complexes was determined depending on the medium pH and the order of solutions components mixing. It was shown that with decreasing pH from 6 to 1 due to an increase in the number of protonated amine groups in AB molecules, the number of contacts with polymer macromolecules increases and the amount of cellobiosic units in the complex’s composition increases as well: in the case of CNMC and AMCC from one to three and to four in the case of CPRMC. The electrostatic nature of the complexation is confirmed by the corresponding bands’ shifts in the IR spectra: Na-SAC sulfate groups and the antibiotic amino groups. It was established in vitro that the Na-SAC–CNMC complexes and their compositions with activated carbon are not only equivalent, but also have the double activity of the standard (injectable) form of CNMC in the relation to tuberculosis mycobacterium. The resulting compositions can be recommended for in vivo testing as a new form of aminoglycoside antibiotics for oral administration.

In this work, the speciation of ⁶⁰Co radionuclide in model solution of spent fuel pool coolant is studied by ultrafiltration and centrifugation. The effect of pH and composition of the solution on the ⁶⁰Co radionuclide speciation is shown; the limitss in existence of ionic and non-ionic (pseudocolloidal) forms are defined. A great part of ⁶⁰Co states at ionic form represented by hydrated cation of ⁶⁰Co in the solutions of boric acid 20 g/L at 4–8 pH value. The size of non-ionic forms of ⁶⁰Co in this pH range is 1–50 nm. Starting with pH 8, the соntent of non-ionic forms increases dramatically and reaches 100 % at pH value 10–11, which is due to formation of CoOH⁺ ions and their increased sorption activity at forming pseudocolloids. Introduction of iron (III) ions to the solution, which are precursors of corrosion products, shifts the formation of nonionic forms of ⁶⁰Co to lower pH area.

The conditions and the patterns of copper and nickel nanoparticles formation by direct reduction from aqueous solutions of their salts in nitrogen atmosphere were studied, and nanocomposite materials based on magnesium oxide and metal nanoparticles coated with protective oxide shell were obtained. The obtained materials are of interest as sorbents for the purification of aqueous media from toxic impurities, as well as catalysts in organic synthesis, in particular for the production of methanol from carbon dioxide. Phase composition, thermal stability, microstructure of nanocomposites, as well as their sorption properties, were studied. The powders of magnesium oxide and nanocomposites based on it were found to have high sorption capacities with respect to lead and chromium ions – up to 2989.0 and 499.9 mg/g, respectively.

Isothermal data of superficial tension of solutions of surfactant mixture and low-temperature nitrogen sorption of multidimensional porous silica received by template synthesis prove complementarity of its properties and properties of SAA micelles. The measured isotherms of gas sorption belong to IV Type inherent in mesoporous adsorbents. The BET specific surface area is 600–800 m²/g, and the Gurvich pore volume is 0.7–1.0 cm³/g. With increase in mole fraction of nonionic component these values decrease, the ordered texture of SiO₂, characteristic of MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieve, collapses, d₂₁₁-spacing becomes < 3.31 nm, and NLDFT distribution is transformed from monomodal to polymodal one.

As a result of the study of the effect of acrylamide copolymers on the stability of the kaolin salt dispersion, it was shown that the aggregation of solid phase particles and the deposition rate of flocs increases when polymers with different adsorption activity are alternately dosed to a disperse system. The adsorption limit, adsorption capacity and adsorption constant are at maximum for alternate adsorption of anionic polyelectrolyte on a cationic polyelectrolyte layer. High adsorption capacity and interaction energy of polymers with the surface and with each other leads to an improvement in flocculation and to the increase in the deposition rate of the kaolin-salt dispersion by 1.3–1.5 times.

Synthetic dyes (SD) are widely used in modern food industry. According to the requirements of the Customs Union Technical Regulation, the content of SD is standardized, therefore, universal and express methods of analysis are needed. The main difficulty in determining them in food products is the separation from the matrix components such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, anthocyanins. For this purpose, the extraction of commonly used synthetic food dyes from aqueous solutions using a liquid ion exchanger trioctylamine (TOA), dissolved in chloroform and toluene, was studied. Distribution coefficients (D) and recovery rates (R, %) were calculated. It has been established that TOA quantitatively extracts SD from aqueous acidified solutions, while they can be completely reextracted at pH > 8–9.

Liquid crystal devices are widely used in measuring instrumentation, consumer and industrial electronics, medical, scientific and military equipment. The production of these devices is a promising and developing industry. Analysis of the market of liquid crystal devices suggests that the demand for film polarizers of transmission, reflection and transmission reflection types will increase due to the constant growth of production of liquid crystal indicators and the expansion of their applications. Studies aimed at the creation of film polarizers for various functional purposes and the development of technologies for their manufacture are relevant. Naphthalene-1,5-diamine widely used in the production of complex intermediate intermediates, dyes, chemical additives to polymers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc. Naphthalene-1,5-diamine is an available starting compound for obtaining on its base promising substances for the development of optical materials and biologically active compounds. By interaction of naphthalene-1,5-diamine with substituted aldehydes or benzaldehydes of vanillin series in the medium of boiling absolute methanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of glacial acetic acid, (E,E)-diazomethines with yields of 75–87 % were synthesized.

The radiolysis of aqueous solutions of tributylphosphate, butylacetate and isobutylacetate under the γ-radiation in an argon atmosphere has been studied. The hydrolysis of ester radicals with the formation of butanol-1, butanol-2, isobutanol and acetic acid has been observed. The effect of pH on the yields of these radiolysis products has been studied. It has been shown that the rate constants of hydrolysis of radicals are ~ 10⁸ times higher than the rate constants of hydrolysis of ester molecules.

Abstract. Widely used forms of endocrine therapy for women with hormone-dependent breast cancer include blocking the biosynthesis of estrogens through using inhibitors of cytochrome P450 19A1 (aromatase). A series of new stilbene and stilbazole based aromatase inhibitors on are prepared. Z-isomers of 4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)vinyl) benzonitrile, 4-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile, 4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol1-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile, 4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile, 4-(2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4triazol-1-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile, 4-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile were prepared by condensation of 4-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile and corresponding aldehyde in presence of strong base followed by dehydration of obtained alcohols. Isomerization to corresponded E-isomers was carried out in the presence of UV light.

Hyperproduction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a major pathogenic factor in autoimmune diseases. Specific sorbents are used to eliminate the high level of IgG. Molecular docking can be used as a tool for theoretical search for sorbent ligands for the IgG removal from biological fluids. Using docking, modeling of amino acid interactions with IgG ligands was performed. Based on the docking results, active amino acids were identified and possible combinations of them were proposed for the creation of diand tripeptide sequences. As a result, aromatic amino acids (Tyr, Trp, Phe), di-and tripeptides based on them (Trp-DTyr, Phe-DTyr, Trp-Phe-DTyr, Phe-Trp-DTyr) were found to have high activity for IgG proteins, and three peptides (Trp-Phe-DTyr, Phe-Trp-DTyr) not only show high activity to total IgG, but can also be divided in their activity relative to subclasses of class G immunoglobulins.

The possible directions of the complex use of the identified peat funds of the Esmonovskiy Mokh deposit are grounded with the account of research on the distribution of the categories of peat raw material, the determination of its qualitative characteristics and the estimation of suitability for the release of recommended production. Activated carbon, oil sorbent and concentrate microfertilizer are suggested as the main types of the products of the deep complex proceeding of the peat studied.

The process of modifying aqueous powder suspension materials (APS) based on solid epoxy film-forming agents with highly dispersed powders of magnesium oxide was studied: production by ChemPur (n-MgO – primary size of particles is 36 nm), and magnesium oxide synthesized by a template method from the concentrated bischofite solution (MgOlab – primary size of particles is 102.8 nm). It was shown that presence of active functional surface OHgroups in both samples of magnesium oxide leads to the formation of secondary structures: aggregates and agglomerates. The nature of the influence of the size of aggregates of MgO particles and the conditions of dispersion on the properties of protective coatings is established. The nature of the influence of particle size and dispersion conditions on the properties of protective coatings is established. Optimal properties of coatings based on APS, sedimentation and aggregative stability of suspensions are implemented only under the condition of effective mechanical dispersion in a bead mill, when the most intensive destruction of large aggregates of n-MgO up to 50–60 nm occurs. The distribution of nanoparticle agglomerates in APS at the micro level (700–800 nm) using the MgO-lab does not lead to a significant change in the properties of APS and coatings based on them.

It is shown that the introduction of n-MgO into APS allows reduces the curing temperature of the coatings from 110 to 90–100 °С. It is caused by the increase in the density of cross-linking of the spatial structure of polymer. The strength of modified coatings upon impact and tension increases by 2 times in comparison with the base composition, which does not contain nanomodifier, during curing of coatings at100 °C. In comparison with the known water-borne epoxy paints and varnishes, APS compositions are one-pack, they are more technological in use, have a long lifetime (up to 12 months in comparison with the viability of known two-pack epoxies, 1-8 hours). Materials can be used in industry for the protection of metal products, both as primers and as independent coatings.

The paper presents the study results of diabases of rare-earth and beryllium-containing deposit of the Republicof Belarusin order to determine their suitability for the production of silicate materials and products for various purposes. The data obtained allowed developing raw compositions and optimizing the technological parameters to produce glass, mineral fibers, glass ceramics, stone casting, ceramic bricks and tiles, as well as porous aggregates. The regularities of structure and phase formation during high-temperature treatment of raw compositions of silicate materials using diabases are established. The results of the work allow us to establish the features of the production of silicate materials containing diabase as main raw material of compositions, to increase mineral and raw-materials base of Belarusand to improve the environmental situation in mining enterprises.